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The choice of Novolog as the correct answer is rooted in its pharmacokinetic profile that designates it as a fast-acting insulin. This type of insulin is specifically designed to begin working quickly, typically within 10 to 20 minutes after injection, and it reaches its peak effect in about 1 to 3 hours. This rapid onset makes it ideal for covering meals, allowing for better management of postprandial blood glucose levels.

In contrast, Lantus and Insulin Glargine are long-acting insulins that provide a steady release of insulin over an extended period, generally lacking the quick onset needed for meal coverage. These insulins are more suitable for maintaining baseline insulin levels throughout the day and preventing fasting hyperglycemia.

Detemir is also classified as a long-acting insulin and shares similar characteristics with Lantus, offering patients prolonged glucose control rather than rapid responses to meals. Therefore, Novolog stands out as the appropriate choice for covering meals due to its fast action and peak effectiveness around meal times.